In this section we will talk about important terms about printing world and typography.

Continuing Printing Terms

Acid A solution of perchloride of iron used to etch the image cylinders in gravure printing.
Angle bar A metal bar on a web printing press that turns paper between two units of the press.

Aquatint An intaglio printing process that builds up even or graded tones using resin and varnish. Although once used as a commercial process, aquatints are now used only for limited-edition fine-art prints. As to press In gravure-printed magazines, proofs that show the final position of images before printing.

Buffing The final polishing of a printing plate before it is etched. Burin A tool used to engrave wood or metal. Burning in In intaglio processes, fusing etching powder to the plate by heating it.
Burnisher A metal tool used for removing rough spots from printing plates.

Cell In gravure printing, tiny recessed pits in the cylinder or plate that carry the ink. In conventional gravure printing tones are determined by the varying depth of each cell.

Chuck The core supporting a paper roll in a web-fed printing press.
Copperplate printing An "intaglio" printing process used in short-run printing, which produces a very sharp, black image.

Dow etch A proprietary process for etching photoengraved plates.
Dual roll stand A structure supporting two rolls ("webs") of paper that are simultaneously fed through a press to streamline production.

Electric etching An alternative to acid, this method uses electricity to remove the unwanted areas of a copper plate. Electronic engraving machine A method of making a line and tone printing plate without photographic processing or chemical etching. An electronically controlled stylus cuts or burns away the unwanted surface.

Electroplating A method of applying a thin metal coating to a different metal surface, for example, a gravure cylinder.

Engraving A block or plate made from wood or metal into which a design or lettering has been cut, engraved, or etched. Engraving A print taken from an engraved plate or block.

Etching A type of fine-art print taken from etched plates.

Facet edge The impression left on a sheet of paper by the edge of a printing plate, such as an engraved plate. Also called a plate mark.

Gelatin process A process of duplication using gelatin to transfer an image in gravure printing.

Gravure An "intaglio" printing process in which the image areas to be printed are recessed below the nonprinting surface of the printing plate.These recesses (cells) are filled with a liquid ink — the surplus removed from the nonprinting areas by the "doctor blade" — and the paper draws the ink from the cells.

Gravure screen A film marked with a grid of parallel horizontal and vertical lines; used for photographically defining the edges of gravure cells.

Halftone gravure A gravure printing plate In which the cylinder cells vary in surface area as well as in depth — in normal gravure printing only the depths of the cells vary.

Helio-Klischograph A system used to engrave gravure printing cylinders, in which an image is electronically scanned and transmitted to a diamond-headed cutting tool that engraves the cells onto the cylinder.

Intaglio A printing process in which the image to be printed is recessed below the surface of the plate, such as in commercial gravure printing or fine-art etching.

Klischograph An electronic photoengraving machine, developed in Germany that produces plastic or metal plates.

Lands The unetched grid on a gravure plate that forms the edges of the ink-bearing recessed cells.
Line engraving An intaglio printing process in which the design is cut into the surface of a copper plate — no acid is used. Tonal variations are achieved by cross-hatched lines.

Machine engraving The process of cutting an image into a gravure printing cylinder with mechanized engraving tools.
Mezzotint A traditional intaglio engraving process for reproducing tones rather than lines.

Offset gravure A method of gravure printing that uses a rubber-coated blanket to transfer the inked image from plate to paper.

Paster An automatic splicer on a web press.
Photoengraving The method of engraving or etching printing plates using a photomechanical transfer of the image. Photogravure The photomechanical preparation of plates for use in intaglio printing processes.

Powderless etching A method of etching metal plates in which an agent in the acid protects the edges of the dots while etching the metal, resulting in a very clean etch. Process block A plate made by "photoengraving."

Recess printing An intaglio printing process in which the ink is held in recesses in the plate or cylinder, such as photogravure.

Retroussage A technique used to soften the image and improve the dark tones when printing from an intaglio plate. A fine cheesecloth rag is passed or flicked over the surface, drawing Ink from the recesses and onto the surrounding areas.

Reversing A term used in photoengraving to describe a change from black to white or from left to right. Rotogravure A rotary press that uses intaglio gravure cylinders to produce an impression, rather than litho plates or cast letterpress stereos.

Scan plates Any plates made on an electronic engraving machine.

Steel engraving A print made from an engraved steel plate. The process was invented in the early 19th century and used initially for making forgery-proof banknotes. Books illustrated with steel engravings were produced until the 1880s.

Stipple engraving A technique that combines etching and engraving.

Wall The divisions between cells on a gravure plate. Well A single cell on a gravure printing plate.

Zinco zincograph An etching using a zinc plate.

Ablation plate Printing piate used in digital offset litho printing. Requiring no chemical processing, ablation plates can be digitally imaged directly onto the printing press using laser.

Abrasion resistance The property of a printing plate to resist rubbing without its surface being worn away. Acid resist A protective layer applied to offset litho plates that resists the acid being used to etch the plate, thus limiting the areas being etched.

Air bar A device on a printing press that prevents a double image from being printed.
Albumen plate An obsolescent type of plate used in lithographic printing, in which a photosensitive surface made from albumen is applied to a plate.

Anodized plate A standard aluminum litho plate that has been given a fine grain and then electrolytically hardened, making it suitable for a "deep-etch" image that is capable of sustaining print runs of up to 500,000.

Automatic transfer press A type of web press that allows a change of plates without interrupting the run — while one job is running, another is prepared on a second unit.

Auxiliary roll stand A stand for holding an additional roil of paper on a web-fed printing press, which allows continuous printing while the first roll is replaced.

Back edge curl/tail-end hook An aberration that occurs at the tail end of a press, either when light papers cling to the blanket cylinder of a sheet-fed litho press, or when too much ink is applied at this edge causing curling.This can result in misregister in later printings.

Bearers The rings on the end of the cylinders of printing presses that determine the plate-to-blanket pressure.

Bimetal(lic) plate A lithographic printing plate made from two different metals, one water-receptive, the other ink-receptive. Such plates allow the printing of long runs on high-speed presses.

Blanket In offset litho printing, the rubber-coated sheet that transfers the inked impression from printing plate to paper. In gravure printing, a similar rubber sheet covers the impression cylinder of a printing press.

Blanket cylinder In offset litho printing, the cylinder to which the blanket is attached, The blanket transfers the inked image from plate to paper.

Blanket piling The accumulation of paper fibers and other detritus on the surface of the blanket of an offset printing press, resulting in poor print quality.

Blanket smash Lack of ink on a printed sheet, caused either by insufficient pressure of blanket to paper, or by an area of blanket that is too thin.

Blanket-to-blanket press In offset printing, a configuration in which a continuous web of paper is fed between two blanket cylinders, printing both sides at once. Also called a perfecting press.

Blinding The poor surface of an apparently sound printing plate, which creates a poorly printed image, or none at all.

Catch-up In offset lithography printing on nonimage areas due to insufficient dampening of the plate. Also called dry-up.

Chromolithography Obsolete lithographic printing process in which many colors were printed from separate litho stones.

Collotype A "planographic," photomechanical printing process that uses a gelatin-coated plate onto which the image is photographically exposed without using a halftone screen, thus achieving continuous tones. Collotypes are typically used for short-run fine-art edition prints. Also known as photogelatin printing.

Combination plate A printing plate prepared from a number of separate film negatives or positives, either all at once or individually requiring several exposures. Also called photo-composed plate.

Converter A type of offset litho printing press that can be converted to print either two colors on one side of a sheet or a single color on both sides in one pass.

Counter-etch The application of acid solution to a litho plate so it becomes receptive to ink.
Cronak process The chemical treatment of zinc plates to improve tonal reproduction.

Dahlgren A proprietary dampening system used in litho printing to reduce levels of moisture.

Dampening In litho printing, the necessary process of moistening the nonimage areas of a printing plate to repel ink. A tray on a litho press that holds water for moistening the plate. Also known as a water pan.

Deep-etch(ing) In lithographic printing, a process that involves etching away the printing areas of the plate so they are slightly recessed below the surface, This technique prolongs the life of the plate and is thus used for printing long runs. Also known as positive reversal process.

Deeply-etched halftone In lithographic printing, the technique of etching a halftone image to extra depth on the plate, but without removing the highlights. This technique is used for holding detail when printing on coarse paper. Not to be confused with "deep-etch halftone".

Desensitize Chemical treatment of a lithographic plate to make the nonimage areas water-receptive so they repel ink. The chemical solution used is called an "etch".

Development Removing the unhardened coating from the surface of an exposed lithographic plate.

Direct litho(graphy) A lithographic printing process in which the printing plate is brought into direct contact with the paper, as distinct from "offset" lithography, in which the printing image is transferred via a "blanket cylinder" to the paper, Also known as di litho.

Dressing Part of the make-ready process whereby the cylinders are packed to change the degree of impression or, by a fractional amount, the "print length" of the final image.

Dry litho A lithographic printing technique in which the nonprinting areas of the plate are etched to leave a relief printing area, thus avoiding the need for water. Dry litho is a variation of the tetterset printing technique.

Ductor roller A roller on a printing press that carries water or ink from the "fountain" roller to either the "dampening" or the "distributing" roller.

Dusting In offset printing, a buildup of debris such as paper particles on the nonimage areas of the blanket. Also known as "powdering," although this also describes a printing fault in which the substrate and ink separate after printing.

Fountain The reservoir containing either ink or dampening solution on a litho press.
French calf A calfskin material used to cover "nap" (high-quality) rollers on a litho printing machine.
Grain The rough property of the surface of some lithographic plates that enables them to hold moisture.

Graining The treating of the surface of a lithographic plate to make it more receptive to moisture, Graining is achieved mechanically by various abrasion methods, or by the use of chemicals.

Gum A water-based solution containing gum arable or cellulose gum, which is used to desensitize the nonimage areas on litho plates to make those areas ink repellent.
Gum blinding An aberration that occurs in litho printing when ink fails to adhere to an image area.

Ink spread In offset litho, the increase in the areas of each printed image or text character; caused by the spread of ink during printing as it is transferred from plate to blanket and then to paper.
When the size of a halftone dot is affected, it is known as "physical dot gain."

Lithography A "planographic" printing process invented in 1798 by Aloys Senefelder, a German, in which an image is produced from a dampened, flat surface, using greasy ink; based on the principle of the mutual repulsion of oil and water.

Master plate The plate containing the image in offset litho printing.
Metallography A contraction of "metal-lithography" a traditional lithographic printing process in which metal plates are used Instead of stone.

Nap roller A superior type of lithographic roller with a cover of trench calfskin. The nap, or skin, side is outermost and is treated with oil to make it waterproof and supple before being varnished to make it smooth.

Near-print Prior to the desktop publishing era, a general term used to describe substitute printing processes, such as typewriter composition and "offset duplicating" (using small offset litho presses). Also called near letter quality (NLQ).

Nonimage area The nonprinting area of a litho plate that has been treated to accept water, thus repelling Ink.

Offset A printing technique In which the ink is transferred from the printing plate to a "blanket" cylinder and then to the paper or material on which it is to be printed.

Offset blanket The rubber-coated blanket used in offset litho printing that transfers the inked image from plate to paper.

Offset ink An ink developed for use on offset litho presses. It must not react to the rubber in the blanket; it must have a high concentration of pigment because not all the ink is transferred from blanket to paper; and it must be free from water-soluble particles.

Offset litho(graphy) A lithographic printing technique, developed in the United States in the early 1900s, in which the image is printed indirectly by "offsetting" it onto a rubber-covered cylinder, called a "blanket" cylinder, from which the image is printed, it is one of the most widely used commercial printing processes. This book was printed by the offset lithography process.

Packing A method involving the placing of material (usually paper or rubber) between the cylinder and the plate/blanket on a printing press. The increased pressure results in a heavier impression being transferred from the plate to the blanket or from the blanket to the paper.

Piling The accumulation of debris on an offset blanket or press rollers, affecting print quality.
Planographic (printing) Printing from a flat surface (plane), for example lithography.

Plastic plates Plastic printing plates that are hard-wearing and light. Plate A metal, plastic, or paper sheet from which an image is printed.

Precoated plates Litho plates that have received a coating that will not become light-sensitive until they are washed with a sensitizing solution.

Pre-sensitized plates Litho plates that have received a light-sensitive coating and are ready for exposure to a positive or negative. Printing down The transfer of image from film to plate.

Retransfer The process of duplicating the Image on one lithographic plate so it can be transferred to another.

Scum/scumming A fault occurring in lithographic printing when the ink adheres to the nonimage areas of the plate. Snowflaking Minute white specks in type and solid ink areas in offset printing.

Tinting The effect of ink bleeding into the dampening solution on a litho press, causing unwanted artifacts to appear on the nonimage areas.

Ungrained plate A litho plate that is much smoother than normal. It is used to improve the merging of tones, as well as to increase the range of darker tones. A normal litho plate uses the graining to hold water in the nonimage areas, whereas with an ungrained plate other methods are required to achieve this.

Wash marks Streaking on a printed image, caused by excessive water on the printing plate.
Waterless lithography/printing A lithographic printing process that, rather than using water to repel ink on the nonimage areas of the plate, uses a plate with an ink-repellent rubber layer.

Web offset A rotary printing press that uses a continuous reel-fed paper "web" where the impression (image) from the plate is offset onto a blanket (usually rubber) before being printed onto the paper. There are three main systems: "blanket to blanket," in which two plates and two blanket cylinders on each unit print the web; three-cylinder systems, in which plate blanket and impression cylinders print one side of the paper only; and satellite or planetary systems, in which two, three, or four plate and blanket cylinders are arranged around a common impression cylinder, printing one side of the web in as many colors as there are plate cylinders.

Weft The weaker direction of a web offset blanket.

Zincography A former name for lithography now obsolete.

Anilox system The method of inking used in flexographic printing. Archival printing The printing of works for long-lasting storage, using special techniques.

Belt press A printing press that performs the entire manufacturing process of a book, from paper roll to binding.

Clamshell press A machine with two hinged platens such as are found on diecutting and heat-transfer equipment. Cromacheck A proprietary off-press proofing system from Du Pont that uses plastic laminates.

Curtain coater A machine used for coating flat sheets of paperboard with an even coating of solution such as adhesive.

Cylinder press A rotary press in which the sheet to be printed is wrapped around a cylinder and brought into contact with the printing surface, which is laid flat. Cylinder presses are mainly used for specialized work, such as diecutting.

Deflection A condition in flexographic printing in which the "fountain" and "anilox" rolls bow slightly. Although this Is normal, excessive bending can result in uneven printing.

Demand printing A method of printing in which the copies are produced as and when they are needed. The document is generally stored electronically and produced on an electronic device, such as a laser or ink-jet printer. Demand printing allows frequent modification or updating of documents, and eliminates the need to store bulky quantities of inventory. Also known as on-demand printing.

Dielectric printing A nonimpact printing method in which toner is applied to electrically charged paper. Also known as electrographic printing.

Dye sub(limation) (printing) A printing process in which vaporized ink dyes are bonded to a substrate by heat, producing near photographic quality proofs. Dye sublimation allows digital printing of large images onto fabric, metal, and other substrates, and is thus particularly suitable for fashion, architectural, and other large-format display items, because size is not a limitation and runs can be as low as a single item. Also known as dye diffusion.

Electrostatic copying A method of copying an Image using an electrically charged, photosensitive drum or plate that temporarily retains the original image before transferring it to paper using an imaging agent ("toner").

Electrostatic printing A method of “inkless printing” using an electrically charged, photosensitive drum or plate that temporarily retains the original image before transferring it to paper using an imaging agent ("toner"),Typically used for large-format printing.

Feint ruling Thin lines that act as a writing guide, typically on the pages of account books and school notebooks, ruled by a special machine.

Flatbed A type of printing press on which the paper sheets sit on a horizontal surface; used for proofing. Flatbed cylinder press A type of printing press on which the paper sheets are moved backward and forward beneath the impression cylinder.

Flatbed rotary A type of printing press on which the paper is held on a reel ("web"), but receives the impression from a flatbed plate.

Flexography/flexo A relief printing process that uses flexible rubber or plastic plates. Used mainly for printing onto various kinds of packaging, and sometimes newspapers, where it may be referred to as "anilox" printing.

Matrix The mold used for making the rubber plate in flexographic printing, and also the papier-mache mold, formed from a page of metal type, used for stereotyping.

Music printing The printing of musical notation, now done digitally but traditionally done by engraving directly onto metal plates or by using movable type on previously printed staves.

Photopolymer (printing) plates Relief printing plates made with a light-sensitive polymer (plastic) coating; used mainly for flexographic printing.

Ruling machine A machine designed specifically for drawing the lines on music and ledger paper.

Run-through work The printing of even parallel lines across a sheet using a specialized press.

Thermography A printing process that emulates die stamping (but without embossing), in which sheets are printed with a sticky Ink or varnish and then dusted with a fine, pigmented powder that forms a raised surface when fused to the paper by heat.

Variable printing Printing in which variable data, such as names and addresses, is inserted during the print run.

Xerography A dry copying process in which electrostatically charged powder is bonded to paper.

Autoplate machine In rotary printing, a molding cylinder around which "flong" (a papier-machelike material) is placed to make the curved "stereos" used for printing.

Bed The steel table of a letterpress machine on which the frame containing metal type ("forme") is placed, The expression "put to bed"originally described the secured forme, although it is now generally used in printing to describe plates once they are secured and ready to print.

Blanket A rubber sheet used to cover the "flong" when casting a stereotype plate.
Block In traditional letterpress printing, an etched or engraved metal plate after it has been mounted.

Block book A book printed from page-size wooden blocks. Originally used before the invention of movable type. Block printing Printing using wooden blocks. The main printing method before the invention of movable type, block printing is still used for specialist work, such as printing wallpapers and fabrics.

Bottoming In relief printing, a fault that occurs when ink is transferred to the nonimage areas of the plate or block, and that is then printed on the sheet.

Bumping up/bump up The preparation of halftone plates for printing, usually on a rotary press, where the original plates are made ready before stereos are cast.

Case The base plate, which, when covered with wax, is used in electrotyping for creating the mold.
Chase In letterpress printing, a heavy rectangular metal frame into which type and illustration blocks are locked before it is placed on the bed of the press.

Chiaroscuro (pron,: kee"ar"oskooroe); Italian for "clear" (chiaro) and "dark/obscure" (oscuro), the term describes single-color wood engravings printed using, first, a key block for the darkest tone, followed by a succession of tint blocks to add lighter shades or colors.

Cliche Originally a French term, now used elsewhere in Europe, for a stereotype ("stereo") or electrotype ("electro").

Crash To number a multipart set of forms on carbonless paper by printing, with a letterpress machine, the top sheet of each made-up set so the number appears on the other sheets in the set.

Curved plate A plate used on a rotary press that curves around the plate cylinder.
Cut A contraction of "woodcut," today used to describe any print made from a relief block, etching, or engraving. Cut A metal relief plate from which an Image is printed.

Die An engraved stamp used for Impressing an embossed design onto paper.
Die press A machine that uses a "die" to cut or emboss a shape into paper or board.

Die stamping A printing technique that uses a "die" to emboss a relief image onto a surface, Ink or metallic foil is generally used to add color, but if not the surface is said to be "blind-stamped." Also known as relief stamping.

Electro(type) A method of making a duplicate of a letterpress plate by pressing a mold into its surface, and then by electrochemical plating, applying a shell of copper to the mold. The mold is then removed and tin plated on the back, before being filled with a backing, such as molten lead or liquid plastic.

Electro/electrotype A duplicate relief printing plate made by galvanizing copper onto a forme.

Flong A papier-mache-like sheet used for making the molds in which the "stereotypes" used in rotary letterpress printing are cast.

Form /forme One side of a printed signature, consisting of a number of imposed pages, usually in smaller or greater multiples of eight. The term derives from the "forme" used in letterpress printing, such as type matter and illustration blocks "locked up" in a "chase" ready for printing.

Foundry proof A letterpress proof pulled prior to sending the forme to the foundry.

Letterpress (printing) The original relief printing process in which the surface of a raised, or relief, image or piece of type is Inked and then pressed onto paper or some other surface.

Letterset A contraction of letterpress and offset. A method of offset printing from a relief plate. Also called indirect letterpress and relief offset.

Line block A relief printing plate used to reproduce images consisting of lines or solid areas without any tonal graduation. Linocut A crude relief printing block with a linoleum surface into which the design is cut.

Mother set The master set of printing plates kept for electrotyping later sets.

Papier-mache A paper pulp used to create molds for casting stereo- types. Pierced A block that has been cut away to allow for type to be inserted.

Plate-boring machine A machine used to bore out a stereotype plate to reduce it to the required thickness. Platen press A traditional flatbed press that uses a heavy plate ("plat-en") to press paper to the inked surface to create an impression. Plating The making of a stereotype or electrotype from setup type.

Relief block A letterpress line or halftone block. Relief plate A printing plate with a raised printing surface. Relief printing Printing from a raised surface, such as letterpress printing.

3Rubber stereo A stereo made in a molding press by pressing a rubber plate against a heated matrix. The rubber is vulcanized by the heat, creating a permanent impression.

Scorcher A machine used to heat and curve stereo matrices for use on a rotary press.
Sgraffito A woodcut printing technique that produces a design in white on a black or red ground.

Signature rotary A web-fed rotary letterpress incorporating rubber or plastic plates; used for long print runs.

Stereo(type) A duplicate printing plate made by taking an impression of the original in a mold of plaster of Paris or papier-mache and casting another in lead alloy.

Woodcut A traditional method of printing using images and type carved — out of wood in relief.
Wraparound plates Flexible printing plates used on a "wrap- around" press (a sheet-fed rotary press). Wraparound press A high-speed, sheet-fed rotary press that uses relief plates.

Xylograph A wood engraving.

Air pull When ink is flooded across the screen during screen printing without contacting the surface to be printed.

Curved screen In screen printing, a curved mesh screen used for printing onto objects with a curved surface.

Cylindrical printer A screen printing device for printing onto cylindrical objects, such as bottles.

Deep-line cut A method of improving trapping in screenpprinting.
Drying in Loss of detail in a screenprinted image, caused by ink drying and clogging the screen mesh.

Mesh The interlaced structure of the threads in screen printing fabric.
Mesh marks In screen printing, a crosshatch pattern on the printed surface, left by the mesh of the screen fabric and caused by incorrect ink consistency. Also called screen marks.

Sawtooth An aberration in screen printing in which lines of a design cross the fabric mesh diagonally giving them a jagged look.
Screen The porous silk or synthetic mesh used as an image carrier in the screen-printing process.

Screen printing A printing process in which ink is forced through a porous mesh screen stretched across a frame. The image is formed by means of a hand-cut or photomechanically generated stencil bonded to the screen that blocks the nonimage areas.

Selectasine A color printing process that employs a single silkscreen for all colors used.
Serigraphy The silkscreen printing process.

Silkscreen printing A traditional method of serigraphic" printing in which ink is forced through a stencil fixed to a screen made of silk, Today, however, the screen is made of synthetic material and the process is generally called "screen printing.”

Squeegee A blade or paddle device, usually made of rubber or plastic, that forces ink through the open areas of the mesh and stencil in the screen-printing process.

Stencil In screen printing, the material used to prevent ink transferring through the screen to the nonimage areas of the paper.

Bimetal varnish Varnish added to printing ink to toughen it when dry Also called binding varnish.
Blind emboss/stamp An impression made from a relief printing surface, such as with a letterpress block or type, but without applying ink or foil. This produces a bas-relief effect.

BPOP abb.: bulk packed on pallets An instruction to the printer to deliver a job on "pallets," wooden trays designed to be used with fork-lift trucks.

Chute delivery A method of delivering printed material from a press.
Convection drying After printing, drying the ink by circulating warm air around the paper.

Driers Various substances, usually metallic salts, added to printing ink to speed up the drying process.

Flag A tab inserted into a stack or reel of printed paper indicating either a fault that must be examined or a change of edition.

Flash drying A method of ink drying on a very high speed web press, The ink contains solvents that are burned off at the very high temperatures involved.

Infrared drying The use of infrared radiation to rapidly dry ink, particularly appropriate on a high-speed web press.
Interleaved Sheets of paper placed between newly printed sheets to prevent ink transfer or set-off. Also called slip-sheeting.

Microwave drying A method used to dry inks in the drying units of high-speed web presses.

Perfect The point at which some or all printed sheets of an edition are ready for binding.

Run on A specified number of sheets printed in addition to the originally specified quantity.

Second cover An alternative term for the inside front cover of a publication.

Setoff The accidental transfer of wet ink on a freshly printed sheet to the back of the next on the delivery pile. Setoff reel In reel-fed ("web") printing machines, an extra reel that prevents ink from the printed reel setting off on the packing of the impression cylinder.

Slipsheeting Sheets of paper placed between freshly printed pages to prevent setoff.
Slit A cut made by a sharp rotary knife on a press, between the impression cylinder and delivery.

Spot varnishing Selective application of varnish to a sheet after printing, usually for graphic effect.
Spray powder A powderlike substance that can be applied to freshly printed work to prevent ink setoff. Also called antisetoff spray.

Tip in/on, tipped in/on A page or image inserted separately into a book and secured by pasting one edge.